¹Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
²Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

^*Corresponding author: Islam SN, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, Tel: 880 2 9661900-73, 880 01554548543; Fax: 880 - 2 9667222; E-mail: sheikhnazrul@du.ac.bd

Article Information: Submission: 02/11/2019; Accepted: 23/12/2019; Published: 25/12/2019

Copyright: © 2019 Nasrin S, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This article describes socio demographic and biochemical profile of type 2 diabetic patients, an attempt to find influence of socio demography on their biochemical profile. The study was conducted on sixty type 2 diabetic patients undergoing zinc supplementation, who were recruited from Gazipur Diabetic Center (Samity), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Socio demographic data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire by interviewing the subjects. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by spectroscopic methods using standard laboratory kits. SPSS software package was used to analyze the data. Mean age of the diabetes was 48.73 years, most of them were female (65.0%), all were married (100%), 31.7% could sign, read and write and majority (33.3%) have secondary level education. About 63% subjects were involved in household works and have had low-middle income (BDT 6220.85). Above 68% were overweight and obese. Most of the biochemical profile was found to be near to the normal values, except the fasting blood glucose (15.5 mmol/L). Zinc supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced biochemical values including fasting blood glucose. Socio demographic profile does not have influence on the biochemical profile of type 2 diabetes. Zinc supplementation reduces the biochemical values including the fasting blood glucose level; end line biochemical values are found to be significantly changed to lower level.

Socio demography; Biochemical profile; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; Influence

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, where body cannot use glucose. Because of insulin deficiency glucose cannot enter into the cell to be used for metabolism to produce ATP. The excess glucose in blood stream is hyperglycemia, it is diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious public health problem worldwide and it is regarded as one of the most complex chronic diseases. It is one of the most complex chronic diseases and is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide [1,2]. Global prevalence is about 8% in 2011, which is predicted to be10% by 2030. Nearly 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. In 2011, China was home to the largest 90.0 million diabetes adults followed by India with 61.3 million and Bangladesh with 8.4 million populations [3].

In Bangladesh, prevalence of diabetes among adults is increasing substantially; it was from 5% in 2001 to 9% in 2006 to 2010, which will be 13% by 2030 [4]. This pandemic is associated with rapid cultural transforms, growing urbanization, dietary changes, decreased physical activity and other unhealthy lifestyle [5]. Persons with diabetes require life-long personal care to decrease the chance of developing long-term complications. Diabetic complications affect the vital organs liver, kidney, heart of the body. The present article attempts to evaluate the socio demographic variables and biochemical parameters of type 2 diabetic patients undergoing zinc supplementation, analysis has also made to find association between the socio demographic and biochemical profile.

This study was conducted on sixty type II diabetic patients undergoing zinc supplementation attending Gazipur Diabetic center (samity), Gazipur. Informed consent was taken from each subject before the beginning of the study. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by The Ethical Board of the Faculty of Biological Science, University of Dhaka.

A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio demographic including anthropometric data by direct interview of the diabetic patients. Well trained enumerators collected and recorded the information in the questionnaire, which was then checked and used for entry into computer.

A 10 ml fasting venous blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each of the participating diabetes in heparin tube by paramedic of the diabetic center (samity), and was placed in cool box. Blood sample was processed immediately to separate plasma, which was then aliquoted into eppendorf and stored at e -40 °C for analysis of biochemical profile.

The plasma collected was analyzed for the biochemical tests. The method and kit employed for are briefed as

SPSS software package (version 21.0 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze all variables. Values were expressed as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation as and where necessary. Association of socio demographic and biochemical profile was performed by chisquare test.

Socio demography of type-2 diabetic patients undergoing zinc supplementation is described in the (Table 1). Mean age of the diabetic patients was 48.73 years, most of them were female (65.0%), all were married (100%), 31.7% could sign, read and write and majority have secondary level education. About 63% subjects were involved in household works and have had low-middle income (BDT 6220.85). However, above 68% were overweight and obese, which is one of the risk factors for diabetes. (Table 2) presents the biochemical profile of the type 2 diabetic patients, most of which were found to be near to the normal values, except the fasting blood glucose (15.5 mmol/L). Paired test analysis showed that most of the end line values had reduced significantly (p<0.05); but SGOT, serum creatinine and HDL value remain unchanged.

Chi-square analysis indicated that baseline or end line socio demographic profile and nutritional status did not have any significance influence on the biochemical indices (Table 3,4). However, it was indicated that HDL and LDL had apparently influenced by the education level in baseline, and urine microalbumin was influenced by gender. Socio demography or nutritional status did not show any influence on the fasting blood glucose level in either baseline or end line values (Table 5).

Few reports discuss the influence of socio demography or nutritional status on biochemical indices, and someone reports on some biochemicals of type 2 diabetes undergoing zinc supplementation [12-18]. Some reports indicated influence and others did not find any effect. The present study showed that type diabetic patients were mostly late age, female, less educated and lower-middle income group of people, which is, to some extent, consistent with findings reported elsewhere [19,20]. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced the most of the biochemical indices including the fasting blood glucose. Similar results were also reported elsewhere [13,21,22]. The lowering of fasting blood glucose level might be because of insulin mimetic property of zinc [23].

In this study, the socio demography or nutritional status did not find any influence on the biochemical profile, except education on HDL and LDL and gender on urine micro-albumin as well as on the fasting blood glucose value. Some reports also noted the similar results, no beneficial effect [24,25].

In general, socio demography or nutritional status did not have influence on the biochemical profile of type 2 diabetic patients. Zinc supplementation has reduced most of the biochemical profile including the fasting blood glucose level. End line biochemical values are significantly changed to lower level.

Authors thanks the Gazipur Diabetic center (Samity), Gazipur for supporting and facilitating the recruitment of diabetic patients, collection of sociodemographic information and blood sample.