The population of the world is increasing in an alarming rate day by day, and the increased population needs to be fed with healthy and nutritious food without any contaminants. The Green Revolution mainly focused to increase the productivity of agriculture crops especially rice using inorganic chemical based fertilizers such as urea. The indiscriminate use of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides deteriorates our soil ecosystem and interferes with the growth of useful soil biota which ultimately affects the human health. This is usually done to increase global food production by killing crop pests, but it is polluting the environment at the same time. Cyanobacteria play a major role in nitrogen fixation and can be used as eco friendly mode of biofertilizer for paddy. In this context, cyanobacterial biofertilizers are getting priority in modern agricultural practices throughout the world.