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Journal of Plant Science and Research

Research Article

Micropropagation and Conservation of a Wild Species of Solanum through Organ Cultures

Salahuddin K1*, Singh CK2, Md. Nizamuddin A2 and Naseem M2

1Department of Botany, L.N. Mithila University, India
2University Department of Botany, B.R.A Bihar University, India
*Corresponding author: Salahuddin K, Department of Botany, M.R.M College, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga-846004, Bihar, India, Phone: 9668816209, E-mail: salahuddin212@gmail.com
Copyright: © Salahuddin K, et al. 2020. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article Information: Submission: 10/03/2020; Accepted: 02/04/2020; Published: 10/04/2020

Abstract

Micropropagation technique has emerged as the best tool for mass propagation of desired species. Solanum torvum Swartz, a wild species of crop plants is in high demand for medicinal as well as breeding point of view. The existence of these wild plants is in danger due to induction of new cultivars and other environmental hazards. In this background, there is urgent need for germplasm conservation and germplasm improvement besides mass propagation. Keeping these objectives into consideration, tissue culture studies of this plant were being undertaken to develop protocol for in vitro mass propagation and callogenesis. Regeneration of shoots and callus was obtained using sterilized segments of node (8-10 mm), internode (10-15 mm) and shoot-tip (8-10 mm) of Solanum torvum (about 2 years old). These explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.8% agar, 3% sucrose and different combinations and concentrations of NAA/2,4-D and Kinetin (Kn) to obtain regenerates / plantlets and callus differentiation. Techniques were used for shoot regeneration directly from node and shoot-tip explants as well as from callus. Shoot regeneration was best achieved on 3mgl-1Kn in nodal and shoot-tip cultures. Callus mediated shoot regeneration was promising in the culture and was obtained on 2 mgl-1 NAA and 4 mgl-1Kn on sub-culture. 2,4-D alone or 2,4-D + Kn resulted in callus differentiation from explants. Callus in general was white/greenish-white, compact, hydrated and crystalline in appearance. Callus was maintained for about 2 years on 1 mgl-1 NAA and 1 mgl-1 Kn on regular sub-culture after 25 days. Callus turned brown on higher concentration (10mgl-1) of auxin and Kn on sub-culture. Rooting of microshoots (about 5 cm) was obtained on RM (½MS Salts) containing 1mgl-1 NAA and 2 mgl-1 IBA. Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and they survived well in nature. Explants taken during December to May were most regenerative. Plantlets obtained through in vitro were morphologically identical to parent plants. Nodal explants were superior to other explants (internode, shoot-tip) with respect to shoot regeneration, where as internodal explants was superior for callogenesis.