Review Article
Current Evidence on Role of Zinc in Immune Function
Madan J1, Lingutla K2, Sreenivas V3, Mulye A4 amd Adhav C5
1Department of Food Nutrition & Dietetics, Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous) SNDTWU, Juhu, Mumbai, India
2KL Health Centre, Hyderabad, India
3Department of Family Medicine Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad & AFPI-Telangana, India
4Medical Advisor (Internal Medicine), Pfizer, India
5Medical Lead (Internal Medicine), Pfizer, India
*Corresponding author: Madan J, Department of Food Nutrition & Dietetics, Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science
(Autonomous) SNDTWU, Juhu, Mumbai, India Phone: 022-26411375/26602504; E-mail: dr.jagmeetmadan@gmail.com
Article Information: Submission: 24/04/2022; Accepted: 27/06/2022; Published: 30/06/2022
Copyright: © 2022 Madan J, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Zinc is an important micronutrient and is listed as an essential trace element which is required to maintain the smooth functioning of the immune system.
Zinc has a vital role in ensuring normal development of innate immunity, neutrophils, and Natural Killer (NK) cells and warrants smooth functioning of the cells
modulating them. Zinc deficiency impacts the function of macrophages, T and B cells, and cytokine production. It acts as a second messenger in the immune
cells and participates in various signaling pathways including activation of T cells via T cell receptor and by the cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 pathway. Zinc is
required by the pathogens for survival, hence in case of an infection, host body limits the zinc in the milieu by altering zinc distribution. Zinc has also been
linked with antiviral properties against a wide variety of viruses, specifically RNA viruses such as rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV. Zinc
is naturally available from a myriad of foods sources. However, it can be taken as supplements by people who are not able to meet the required daily amount
through food. Clinical studies have proven the health benefit of zinc supplements to address the deficiency as well as to ensure zinc-dependent physiological
functions run smoothly. In this review, the role of zinc in immunity and importance of zinc supplementation has been explored.
